Reported speech الكلام المنقول

Reported speech
الكلام المنقول

* Reported speech is divided into three parts:
جملة خبرية a- Statement
سؤال b- Question
أمرية c- Order

* In reported speech, we have to change the following things:

• في الكلام المنقول يجب أن نقوم بتحويل الأشياء التالية:
1-Tenses:

Indirect speech (reported speech) Direct speech
past simple E.g. ate a- present simple E.g. eat
past perfect E.g. had eaten past simple E.g. ate b-
past continuous E.g. was\were eating c- present continuous E.g. is\are\ameating
past perfect continuous E.g. had been eating d- past continuous E.g. was\wereeating
past perfect E.g. had eaten e- present perfect E.g. has\have eaten

2- Models and helping verbs:
would will
could can
had to must
might may
should shall
was is
were are
was is
had has \ have
didn't don't \ doesn't
hadn't didn't

3- Adverbs:

غير مباشرindirect speech مباشر direct speech
هناك there هنا here
بعد ذلك then الان now
قبل اليوم the day before البارحة yesterday

بعد اليومthe day after غدا tomorrow
ذاك that هذا this
أولئك those هؤلاء these
يأتي come يذهب go
ذلك اليوم that day اليومtoday
تلك الليلةthat night الليلة tonight

4- Pronouns:

غير مباشرindirect speech مباشر direct speech
he \ she I
him \ her me
his \ her my
his \ her mine
they we
them us
their our
my / her \ his \ their \ our \ your your
I \ she \ he \ they \ we / you you كفاعل
me \ her \ him \ them\ you \ youكمفعول به

A- Statement in reported speech

Form:

Examples:
@ "I don't eat meat !"
Ali said that he didn't eat meat.
@ "We study Arabic tomorrow"
The student said that they studied Arabic the day after.

@" You have to be patient"
Tareq told me that I had to be patient.

@ "I won't attend the lesson tomorrow"
Anas said that he wouldn't attend the lesson the day after.

*If we find the verb" deny" in the introduction of the secondsentence, we make the sentence affirmative
• إذا وجدنا الفعل deny في مقدمة الجملة الثانية بالحلأنزل الجملة مثبتة
E.g.
@ "I didn't eat meat"
Salem denied that he had eaten meat.
• إذا كان الفعل deny في مقدمة الجملة بالحل أنزل الفعلالرئيسي بالمضارع وأضيف له ing
@ "I didn't eat meat"
Salem denied eating meat.

B- Questions

Yes \ no Q wh Q

1- yes \ no

Form:

Examples:

@ "Are you happy?"
I asked if you were happy.

• في حال عدم وجود ضمير أو أسم بعد فعل القول فأنت مخيرلتحويل الفاعل والافضل أن تبقيه كما هو.
• نحول جميع الأفعال المساعدة إلى الماضي بإستثناء did,does, do نحذفهن ونحول الفعل الموجود بعد الفاعل.
@ "Do you speak Arabic?"
Ahmad asked if you spoke Arabic.

@"Have you learnt French?"
John wanted to know if you had learnt French.

@" Does he find the address?"
Ali asked if he found the address.

@"Is Sami here?"
The teacher asked if he was there.

@" Did you finish your homework?"
My teacher asked me if I had finished my homework.

2- wh Q

Form:

Examples:

@ "Where are you from?"
I asked where you were from.

@ "What will you eat?"
Maha wanted to know what you would eat.

@ "When do you leave?"
She asked when you left.

@ "Why have you failed?"
Sameer asked why you had failed.

@ "Why did you come late?"
The teacher asked us why we had come late.

@ "Who is this?"
I wanted to know who this was.

C- Order \ Request

مثبتة 1-affirmative
منفية 2-negative

1- affirmative
Form:

Keywords:
* Please, don't
* If I were you, I would…
* could you …

Examples:
@ "If I were you, I would study English."
She ordered me to study English.

@ "Please, keep silent."
Maha asked him to keep silent.

@ "Could you open the window?"
Ali told Sami to open the ********

@ "Could you lend me a pen?"
Mustafa asked me to lend him a pen.

@ "Be quiet, please"
The teacher asked the class to be quiet.

• إذا بدأ السؤال ب why don't وكان فعل الأخبار هو invite , suggest , advise فتعامل معاملة الجملة الأمرية المثبتة.
E.g.
@"Why don't you attend the lesson?"
Ali invited me to attend the lesson.

2- Negative
Form

Examples:
@"Don't worry, please"
I ordered them not to worry.
• أذا وجدنا أحد أدوات النفي التالية ( not, never, no) بالحل يحول على طريقة النفي.
E.g.
@"Never come late."
I told Ali not to come late.

& 1- say 2- tell

1- say , says , said
• تستخدم هذه الافعال بعد :
1- أذا جاء بعد الفراغ مباشرة كلمة that
2- إذا جاء بعد الفراغ مباشرة فاعل + فعل
E.g.
@ Ali said that he passed the exams.
@ Ali said he passed the exams.
•
إذا كان الفعل بالشق الثاني ماض أستخدم مع المفردوالجمع said أما إذا كان
مضارع والفاعل مفردأستخدم says وإذا كان الفعل مضارع والفاعل جمع
أستخدمsay.
E.g.
@ Salem ---------- that he was in Amman.
say, says , said

2- tell , tells , told
• تستخدم هذه الافعال :
1- إذا جاء بعد الفراغ مباشرة أسم أو ضمير ومن ثم to
E.g.
@ I told Ali to come.
@ She told him to leave.
2- إذا جاء بعد الفراغ أسم أو ضمير ومن ثم that
E.g.
@ I told Ali yesterday that he failed.

شُڪرآ لُڪيُ آځتْيُ
عٌلُﮯ آلُمْوُضوُعٌ آلُرآئعٌ

Reported speech الكلام المنقول

Reported speech الكلام المنقول

رد: Reported speech الكلام المنقول