فروق في الانجليزيه .. موضوع شامل لبعض الاسئلة المتداوله "مهم للجميع"

here are different lessons i collected from different site and made up by different people
hope for it to be as reference for whomever in need

i decided to make a content for what is written bellow to make future search easier for me first and for whomever searching too.

content :

Many / Much / A lot of
how to use ''make'' and ''do'' in English
استخدام used to و be used to
Some, any, no
This / that / these / those
may & might
Modals: Can, may, must, have to
الفرق بين .. arrived .. reached ..get
Would & Should
All together or Altogether
Among & Between
Since & For
Accept / Except
الأختلاف بين too و very
Whose or Who's
All ready or Already
استخدامات all & every
Both /both of, Neither / neither of, Either/ either
Principle and Principal
Quiet, Quite, or Quit
Prefer and would rather
Clothes or Cloths

Many / Much / A lot of

I wanna explain When to use Many, much and a lot of

أولاً :نستخدم Many مع الأسماء المعدودة Countable nouns
مثـآل: Many dogs are hungry ..
Dog .. آسم معدود .. يعني نقدر نقول one dog , two dogs , seven dogs
مثـآل آخر : I ate too many apples
apples أسم معدود

ثانياً: نستخدم Much مع الأسماء الغير معدودة non-countable nouns
مثـآل : .I drank too much water
water آسم غير معدود ..
مثـآل آخر : .I haven't got much rice
rice أسم غير معدود ..

وآخيرا: نستخدم A lot of مع الأسماء المعدودة والغير معدودة
مثـآل 1 : .I ate a lot of apples
مثال 2 : .Our teacher gave us a lot of homework
homework أسم غير معدود

how to use ''make'' and ''do'' in English

It can be difficult to know when to use "make" and when to use "do". Here are some tips to help you make the right choice.

We use "make" for more creative activities:

"She makes her own clothes."

"He made a beautiful hat for the wedding."

We also use "make" to describe functions of speech – what we are doing when we speak:

You make
… an offer (I'll pay you $500 for your car)
… an appointment (Can we meet at 9 am?)
… an arrangement (Let's meet at the station.)
… a promise (I'll help you with this photocopying.)
… a threat (If you do that again, I'll tell him.)
… a compromise
… a suggestion
… a promise
… a mistake
… a decision
… a point
… a complaint
… an excuse

There are also some "fixed expressions" with "make":

"They made friends when they were at primary school."

"He made fun of her new hairstyle."

Other expressions are:

… make a fuss
… make a fortune
… make money
… make a profit / a loss
… make a journey
… make an effort
… make progress
… make a mess
… make a telephone call
… make a choice

One expression that uses either "do" or "make" is:
make a deal / do a deal (I'll do it if you help me.)

Using do

We use "do" to refer to jobs, or responsibilties. These are often routine things, which do not involve much creativity or fun:

"I do the shopping once a week."

"He does the gardening every weekend."

"We have to do a lot of work on the house."

You also do:
… your homework
… the housework
… a job
… the paperwork
… an exam

There are some fixed expressions that you can learn which use "do":

"She does a lot of good in the community."

"This chemical can do a lot of harm."

"She always does favours for her colleagues." (Do someone a favour – help someone)

Other expressions are:

… do something well / badly
… do your best
… do something right / wrong
… do the minimum / the maximum
… do damage

استخدام used to و be used to

** نستخدم ( مصدر + used to ) لكي نقول أن شيئا ما كان يحدث كثيرا في الماضي ولم يعد
يحدث الأن .

We used to live in London years ago

I used to smoke

She used to live here

** صيغة النفي : مصدر + didn't use to *

Tourists didn't use to come here

She didn't use to smoke

*** أحيانا يكون النفي ب .. used not to

Tourists used not to come here

She used not to smoke

*** ملحوظة هامة : برغم أن الصيغة الأولي لنفي used to بإستخدام ( مصدر + didn't use to )
موجودة في الكتب سواء العربية أو الأجنبية إلا إنها خطأ تماما لأننا في هذه الحالة ننفي used to

كما ننفي أي فعل عادي في الماضي البسيط وهذا في الواقع خطأ لأن الفعل used to ليس له مضارع

أو مصدر وليس له تصريف ثالث .. فكيف ننفيه كأي فعل عادي ؟!

ولذلك فالطريقة الثانية للنفي ( used not to ) هي الطريقة الصحيحة.

*** صيغة الإستفهام : ؟ مصدر + use to + فاعل + Did *

? Did you use to go cycling when you were younger

Yes , I did -

? Did you use to travel a lot before you got this job

? Did you use to live here

*** نفس ما ذكرته في صيغة النفي أقوله أيضا في صيغة الإستفهام وهو أن الفعل used to ليس له

مضارع أو مصدر وليس له تصريف ثالث فكيف نقول : use to إذا كان هذا الفعل ليس له مضارع

أو مصدر ؟ .. بالتالي فأن صيغة الإستفهام بالطريقة السابقة أيضا خطأ والطريقة الصحيحة هي

أن تكون صيغة الإستفهام في الأسئلة السابقة كما يلي :

? Used you to go cycling when you were younger

? Used you to travel a lot before you got this job

? Used you to live here

وأود أن أوضح للأخوة الأعزاء أنه رغم ماقلته عن الخطأ السابق بالنسبة لصيغة النفي والإستفهام

فأنني أنصح دائما الطلبة في الإمتحانات أن يلتزموا بالطريقة الموجودة في الكتب واعتبار ما قلته

كمعلومة فقط من باب الأمانة في الشرح وتوصيل المعلومة مع العلم أن الطريقة الثانية في النفي

والإستفهام موجودة كذلك في كتب القواعد الأجنبية وليست أجتهاد مني .

================================================== ===

( ing + فعل ) اسم فعل + Be used to *

*** نستخدم هذه الصيغة لكي نعني أننا فعلنا شيئا ما كثيرا جدا لدرجة أنه لم يعد يبدو جديدا أو غريبا .

من الطبيعي لي أن أفعل ذلك = I'm used to working at night

We're used to living in London

They're used to cooking for themselves when they get home from school

I'm not used to eating this sort of food

The children aren't used to going to bed late

*** لاحظ أنه لا يوجد زمن مضارع للفعل used to

*** نستخدم زمن مضارع لفعل عادي لكي نتحدث عن أشياء تحدث كثيرا هذه الأيام .

Lots of tourists come here nowadays

Some, any, no

SOME, ANY, NO

SOME: used in positive sentences for countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: I have some friends.

ANY: used in negative sentences or questions for countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: Do you have any cheese? - He doesn't have any friends in Chicago.

EXCEPTION! "some" is used in questions when offering or requesting something that is there.
Examples: Would you like some bread? (offer) - Could I have some water? (request)

SOMEBODY, SOMEWHERE, SOMETHING: Used in positive sentences.
Example: He lives somewhere near here.

ANYBODY, ANYWHERE, ANYTHING: Used in negative sentences or questions.
Examples: Do you know anything about that boy? - She doesn't have anywhere to go.

NOTHING: Used in positive sentences (with a negative meaning).
Example: This show is very boring! There's nothing interesting!
see ya

This / that / these / those

rotfl:Hi:rotfl:
THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE

> "this" is used for an object (singular) which is near the interlocutor.

Example: This book is the best book on Earth.

> Plural : "these" (several objects).
Example: These books are the best books on Earth.

> "that" is used for one object (singular) which is far from the interlocutor..

Example: That is his car over there.

> Plural : those (several objects)
Example: Those are his toys over there.

> "there" is used for one object (singular) which exists - or "is" (near to us).

Example: There is (There's) a table next to the window.
> Plural: "there are"
Example: There are many of my friends at the party tonight.

Best wishes

may & might

may & might

* نستخدم may و might لكي نتحدث عن إمكانية

في المضارع عند إستخدامهما مع أفعال ليست

أفعال نشاط 0

He may be at the office

ربما هو يكون في المكتب

He might be at the office

ربما هو يكون في المكتب

( من الممكن أن يكون هو في المكتب الآن

ولكن أنا لست متأكدا من ذلك )

She may be angry if you do that

ربما هي تغضب لو أنت تفعل ذلك

She might be angry if you do that

ربما هي تغضب لو أنت تفعل ذلك

The keys may be in one of those drawers

المفاتيح ربما تكون في أحد هذه الأدراج

The keys might be in one of those drawers

المفاتيح ربما تكون في أحد هذه الأدراج

** ونستخدم may و might لكي نتحدث عن

إمكانية في المستقبل 0

They may leave soon

ربما هم يغادرون قريبا

They might leave soon

ربما هم يغادرون قريبا

( من الممكن أنهم سيغادرون قريبا ولكن

أنا لست متأكدا من ذلك )

He may arrive soon

ربما هو يصل قريبا

He might arrive soon

ربما هو يصل قريبا

Amanda may not come tomorrow

ربما لا تأتي أماندا غدا

Amanda might not come tomorrow

ربما لا تأتي أماندا غدا

** يوجد فرق قليل بين may و might ولكن

المتكلم الذي يستخدم might يكون متأكد أقل

من الذي يستخدم may .

** صيغة النفي من may هي may not أو mayn't .

** صيغة النفي من might هي might not

ويمكن أن نقول mightn't ولكن لا تستخدم كثيرا 0

** نستخدم may للطلبات المهذبة ولكن لا نستخدم

might للطلبات المهذبة 0

هل يمكن أن أجلس هنا ؟ May I sit here

هل يمكن أن نأتي ؟ May we come

؟ May I ask you a question

هل يمكن أن أسألك سؤال ؟

؟ May I have a glass of water , please

هل يمكن أن أتناول كوب من الماء من فضلك

** لاحظ أننا نستخدم أيضا can للطلبات

ولكن may صيغة مهذبة جدا 0

؟ May I have a drink please

هل يمكن أن أتناول مشروبا من فضلك ؟

** لانستخدم عامة may أو might في الأسئلة 00

لكن نستخدم صيغة السؤال في الطلبات

المهذبة مع ؟ 000 May I أو ؟ 000 May we

Modals: Can, may, must, have to

Hi
MODALS: CAN, MAY, MUST, HAVE TO

CAN

1) Ability
I can drive

2) Possibility
I can come

MUST

1) Obligation
I must do my homework.
2) For an opinion that you think has a good possibility of being true.
Look at his uniform. He must be a policeman.

MAY

1) Probability
She may come tomorrow.
2) In a very polite question
May I open the window?

HAVE TO

1) In the affirmative: HAVE TO has a meaning similar to MUST.
I have to go to the school.
2) In the negative: HAVE TO has a different meaning: "you don't need to dot that"
It's Sunday! I don't have to go to school.

الفرق بين .. arrived .. reached ..get

Arrive يصل

Reach يصل

Get to يصل

الثلاث كلمات بمعني واحد
ولكن ما الفارق ؟ ( خصوصا في اسئلة الأمتحانات)
الفارق بكل بساطة هو حروف الجر
اولا :
Arrive at / in
Arrive at
يصل الي مكان صغير ( مدرسة – مطار – نادي – الخ)
Arrive in
يصل الي مدينة او بلد
مثال
They arrived in Cairo.
They arrived at Cairo airport.

ملاحظة هامة

لا يأتي بعد arrive حرف الجر to لذلك لا يمكن ان نقول
They arrived to Cairo

ثانيا :
Get لها معاني كثيرة جدا
ولكن
get to = arrive at / in
وتكون بمعني يصل الي

arrive & get يأتي بعدهما حرف جر

ثالثا :

Reach لا يأتي يعدها حرف جر اطلاقا

الخلاصة
Reach = arrive at / in = get to

I reached the airport بدون جرف جر
I arrived at the airport حرف الجر at
I got to the airport حرف الجر to

ملاحظة اخيرة
كلا من :
Get to = reach
يجب ان يأتي بعدهم مفعول ( اي اسم المكان الذي نصل الية )
لكن
Arrive
لا يأتي بعدها مفعول ( اي ممكن الا اذكر اسم المكان الي وصلنا الية )
تابع الأتي
I reached early ---wrong.
I got to early -----wrong
I arrived early -----right

اما لو اردنا ان نذكر المفعول في الجمله الأخيرة نضع حرف الجر at او in

Would & Should

Would

نستخدم would عندما نتحدث عن موقف نتخيله ( لا يحدث بالفعل )

It would be nice to have a party here one weekend
ربما يكون لطيفا أن نقيم حفلة هنا في أحد أيام نهاية الأسبوع

If I had a lot of money , Iwould travel round the world
لو كان عندي مال كثير ربما كنت أسافر حول العالم

How much would it cost ? I don't know , but it wouldn't be cheap
كم يتكلف ذلك ؟ لا أعرف ، لكن ربما لا يكون رخيصا

ونستخدم would للتمني

أحب أن أقابل أخيك I would like to meet your brother

أتمني لو يتوقف هذا المطر I wish this rain would stop

أحب أن أخذ أجازة حالا Iwould like to have a holiday right now

ونستخدم would للطلبات

هل تتكرم بكتابة عنوانك هنا من فضلك ؟ Would you write your address here , please

هل لديك مانع أن توصلني إلي المحطة ؟ Would you mind taking me tothe station

هل تحب أن تغتسل ؟ Would you mind to wash up

ونستخدم wouldلعمل دعوة

هل تحب أن تأتي لتناول العشاء ؟ Would you liketo come to dinner

هل تحب أن تتناول العشاء معنا ؟ Would you like to havedinner with us

ونستخدم wouldللتعبير عما نفضله أو للسؤال عما نفضله

أفضل تناول الشاي عن القهوة I would rather have tea than coffee

هل تفضل تناول شاي أو قهوة ؟ Would you prefer tea or coffee

وتستخدم would في الكلام الغير مباشر بدلا من will

قالت إنها ربما تأتي غدا She said she would come tomorrow

She said it would be great if you couldplay in their group
قالت أنه قد يكون عظيما لو استطعت اللعب في مجموعتهم

ملحوظة هامة : قد تجد في الجملة هذا الاختصار d' وهو دائما إما أن يكون اختصار would
أو اختصار had فكيف تميز بينهم ؟

إذا جاء بعد d' مصدر فهي اختصار would
I'd have warned you if I had seen you last week

( I'd = I would )

ولكن إذا جاء بعد d' تصريف ثالث فهي اختصار had

If I 'd passed my exams , I would have gone to Art College

(I'd = I had )

Should
نستخدم should للتعبير عن الإلزام ( لكي نقول أن شيئا ما هو الشيء الصحيح لنفعله )
يجب أن نساعد الناس الآخرين We should help other people
يجب أن تمشي أكثر You should walk more
لا يجب أن أكل الكعك I shouldn't eat cakes
ونستخدم should لإعطاء النصيحة
I think you should go by air . It's much quicker
أعتقد أنك يجب أن تذهب جوا ( بالطائرة ) إنها أسرع كثيرا
أعتقد أنك يجب أن تتحدث إلي والديك I think you should talk toyour parents
Should he see a doctor ?. Yes , I think he should
هل يجب أن يري الطبيب ؟ نعم، أعتقد إنه يجب عليه ذلك
ونستخدم should في الجمل الشرطية لكي نتحدث عن أفعال في المستقبل يعتقد المتكلم أنها
غير محتملة جدا
لو أنت يجب أن تتأخر سوف أنتظرك If you should be late I'll waitfor you
If it should rain , we can have the meal inside
لو إنها يجب أن تمطر نستطيع أن نتناول الوجبة في الداخل

All together or Altogether

All together or Altogether

1) Altogether

Altogether is an adverb meaning completely, entirely
المعنى العربي: كلياً

Example: When he first saw the examination questions, he was altogether baffled
Altogther, I'm sorry it happened
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2) All together

All together is a phrase meaning in a group
المعنى العربي: جميعاً
Example: The wedding guests were gathered all together in the garden
The prisoners were herded all together

More Examples

wrong: ِAnna doesn't all together approve of me
correct: ِAnna doesn't altogether approve of me

wrong: We were altogether at the party
correct: We were all together at the party

wrong: There were all together 20 people at the dinner
correct: There were altogether 20 people at the dinner

Among & Between

الفرق بين كلمتين او بالاصح حرفي الجر among و between

بحكم انهم يحملون نفس المعنى (بين)ومتى نستخدم هالكلمتين ..

When we talk about the two words between and among, we have to put in mind that these two words are prepositions of place and both have the same meaning
"
Now we come to our point, where is the difference between these two words

ما الاختلاف بينهم ؟

Between in used to tell the place of something that is in the middle of two things
يعني Between نستعملها عندما نريد ان نحدد مكان شيء يقع بين غرضيْن أو مكانيْن أو شخصين أو مجموعتين من الأشياء

Example 1: Ahmad is sitting between Ali and Fadi.
أي أن أحمد يجلس بين شخصين هما علي و فادي

Example 2: The river is between the houses and the trees.
النهر يقع بين البيوت و الأشجار.

Example 3: I saw a cat hiding between the two boxes.
رأيت قطة تختبئ بين الصندوقيْن.

* * * *

بالنسبه ل among

As for “among”, we use this word to tell the place of
something within three things or more.
تستعمل “among” لتحديد مكان شيء يقع بين ثلاثة أو أكثر من الأشياء أو الأشخاص أو الأماكن إلخ...

Example 1: Ahmad is sitting among his friends. (friends = more than 2
أحمد يجلس بين رفاقه

Example 2: There was a cat hiding among the trees
كان هناك قطة تختبئ بين الأشجار.

Since & For

Since

كلمة sinceقد تأتي في الجملة كحرف جر أو رابط فإذا جاءت في الجملة كحرف جريكون

في الجملة فعل واحد ونضعه في زمن المضارع التام أو المضارع التام المستمر

I have been here since last week

So much has changed since the war

I have been living here since February

وأما إذا جاءت في الجملة كرابط يكون في الجملة فعلين نضع الفعل الذي قبلها في زمن

المضارع التام أو المضارع التام المستمر ، ونضع الفعل بعدها في زمن الماضي البسيط

I have smoked since I left school

** لاحظوا :

ماضي بسيط <------- since .<----- مضارع تام

I haven't seen him since we left school

ماضي بسيط <------- since <------ مضارع تام ( منفي )

Jim has been working at Citibank since he finished college

ماضي بسيط <------ since <-------- مضارع تام مستمر

الفرق بين Since و For

أحب أن أوضح أن Since يأتي بعدها بداية فترة زمنية نعرف أولها ولا نعرف متي تنتهي

فنقول مثلا:

since 8 o'clock - since Monday - since 12 May - since April -

since 1985 - since lunchtime - since they were at school

وإليكم بعض الأمثلة :

She has been in hospital since Monday

I have been waiting since 8 o'clock

They have known each other since they were at school

وأماFor يأتي بعدها فترة زمنية محددة لا نعرف متي بدأت ولا متي انتهت

فنقول مثلا :

for two hours .. for 2 minutes .. for five days .. for six month

for a week .. for 5 years .. for a long time .. for ages

ونذكر أيضا بعض الأمثلة :

She has been married for ten years

I haven't seen her for three months

We have known each other for ages..

I 've been waiting for the last half hour

مع ملاحظة أننا يمكننا أبضا أن نستخدم for مع الماضي البسيط ولكن الفرق يكون في المعني

لاحظ الفرق بين الجملتين الآتيتين :

I lived here for five years ( ماضي بسيط ) و

I have lived here for five years ( مضارع تام )

** في الجملة الأولي ( الماضي البسيط ) : أنا عشت هنا خمسة سنوات ( ولكن لم أعد أعيش هنا )

وفي الجملة الثانية ( المضارع التام ) : أنا عشت هنا خمسة سنوات ( ومازلت أعيش هنا

Accept / Except

Accept / Except

1) Accept

accept is always a verb meaning agree
accept = هي فعل بمعنى يقبل أو يوافق

Example: The mother accepted her child's apology
Tom accepted the gift with pleasure

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2) Except

except is sometimes a verb meaning to exclude. if it comes as a preposition, then it means excluding
except = قد تأتي فعل بمعنى ما عدا و قد تأتي حرف جر بمعنى إلاّ

Example: They all went to the party except me
Add all the number from 1 to 9 except 6

More Examples

wrong: They all except to go on a vacation
correct: They all accepted to go on a vacation

wrong: The museum is open daily accept Monday
correct: The museum is open daily except Monday

الأختلاف بين too و very

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
very و too كلها بمعنى (( جداً ))
الأختلااف بين too و very
1/ too :
نستخدم too إذا المتكلم يوصف الشئ و هو سيئ بالنسبة له
مثلا سمع أخبار سيئة فيقولـ (( these are too bad news ))

2* very :
نستخدم very إذا المتكلم يوصف الشئ و هو جيد بالنسبة له
مثلا : سمع أخبار جيدة فيقولـ (( these are very good news ))
يعني عكس Too

______________________________
note : لـ Too معنى أخر وهو (( أيضا ))
و لكن تأتي بمعنى ((جدا )) عند الصفة .

Whose or Who's

Whose or Who's

1) Whose

Whose is a possessive
هي كلمة تستعمل للسؤال أو الدلالة على الملكية

Example: Whose bike is this
المعنى: لمن هذه الدراجة؟ لمن هي Whose ي اللغة الانجليزية
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2) Who's

Who's is a contraction meaning who is
هي عبارة عن كلمة السؤال who (أي من) و الفعل is

Example: Who's our teacher
من معلمنا؟
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More Examples

correct: who's coming today
wrong: whose coming today

correct: whose turn is it
wrong: who's turn is it

correct: who's going with you
wrong: whose going with you

correct: whose shirt is this
wrong: who's shirt is this

ملاحظة هامة: ستلاحظ في جملة who's أنه لا يوجد فعل مساعد (am, is , are, was, were)
لأن الفعل موجود أساسا في (s') بـ (who's) كما في I know who's right.
أما في جملة whose يجب أن يكون هناك فعل لأن whose لا تتضمن فعل
مثلا whose paper is this

All ready or Already

All ready or Already

1) All ready

All ready is a phrase meaning completely prepared
المعنى العربي: جاهز تماماً

Example: As soon as I put my coat on, I’ll be all ready
Mr. Gates told us to give the signal when we are all ready
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2) Already

Already is an adverb used to describe something that has happened before a certain time
ظرف زمان يدل على ان العمل قد تم قبل فترة معينة

Example: What do you mean you’d rather stay home? I’ve already got my coat on
When we came in, we found they had already arrived

More Examples

wrong: The children were all ready asleep when we got home
correct: The children were already asleep when we got home

wrong: When you are already, I will help you
correct: When you are all ready, I will help you

wrong: I had all ready gone when Tom arrived
correct: I had already gone when Tom arrived

استخدامات all & every

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

يمكن استخدام كلاً منهما للتكلم عن الأشخاص أو الأشياء بشكل عام, أو عن كل الأعضاء في مجموعة.
هناك اختلاف بسيط في المعنى :
every توحي بعدم وجود استثناء.
الكلمتين تستخدمان في تراكيب مختلفة:

1- every مع الأسماء المفردة : all مع الجمع

- every + singular :
Every child needs love
(not All child needs love)
Every light was out

- all + plural :
All children need love
All the lights were out

2- all مع أدوات التعريف :

يمكن أن نستخدم all, ولكن ليس every مع بعض المحددات (مقالات,الملكية و التحديد)
قارن:
- all+determiner+plural
All the lights were out
I've written to all my friends

- every+singular :
Every light was out
I haveI've written to every friends
(not I've written to every my friends)

3- all مع غير المعدود :

I like all music. not every music

4- all = every part of :

All london was talking about him

- لاحظ الفرق بين all day & every day :

she was her all day : من الصباح حتى المساء
she was her every day : السبت الأحد الأثنين ...

I wish you good time

Both /both of, Neither / neither of, Either/ either

Both /both of, Neither / neither of, Either/ either
of

السلام عليكم درس اليوم سنحاول أن نستعرض فيه ستة استخدامات لـ Both, Neither, Either
نستخدم both , Neither & Either

عندما نتحدث عن شيئين ونستطيع استخدامهم مع الاسم مثال:
- both restaurants are very good (not "the both restaurants")
- neither restaurant is expensive
- We can go to either restaurant. I don't mind, (either one or the other it doesn't matter which one)
- 1 didn't like either restaurant, (not the one or the other)

2
الاستخدام الثاني

وايضا نستخدم both/neither/either مع of وعند استخدامنا لهذه الكلمات نحن بحاجة إلى استخدام the/these/those/my/your/his etc. من الخطاء ان نقول 'both of restaurants' ولكن لكي نتجنب الأخطاء القواعدية يجب ان نقول 'both of the restaurants', 'both of these restaurants' etc.:
أمثلة:
- Both of these restaurants are very good.
- Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive.
- We can go to either of those restaurants. I don't mind.

ملاحظة استثنائية: فقط مع both نستطيع أن نستغني عن Of مثل: both my parents or both of my parents

3
الاستخدام الثالث

ايضاً بعد both of / neither of / either of يأتي us/you/them
مثال:
- Can either of you speak Spanish?
- I wanted Ahmad and Fatima to come but neither of them wanted to.

4
الاستخدام الرابع

بإمكاننا استخدام فعل مفرد أو جمع (Is or are) بعد neither of مثال:
- Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed.
- Neither of us is (or are) married.

5
الاستخدام الخامس

نقول both... and..., neither... nor... and either... or....
أدرس هذه الأمثلة:
- Both Ahmed and Fatima were late.
- They were both tired and hungry.
- Neither Ahmed nor Fatima came to the party.
- He said he would contact me but he neither wrote nor phoned.
- I'm not sure where he is from. He's either Spanish or Italian.
- Either you apologise or I'll never speak to you again.

6
الإستخدام السادس

نقدر أن both/neither/either alone منفردة:
أدرس هذه الأمثلة:

- 'Is he British or American?' 'Neither. He's Australian'.
- 'Do you .want tea or coffee?' 'Either. I don't mind.'
- I couldn't decide which one to choose. I liked both.
إلى هنا انتهى الدرس أتمنى للجميع الفائدة والمتعة.

المرجع:
English Grammar In Use, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press

Principle and Principal

principle
is a a noun only. It means a s rule, truth, or belief
كلمة تأتي دائما بشكل إسم و تعني قاعدة، حقيقة أو مبدأ
Remember that principle ends in -le like the word rule
and thus they have the same meaning
Example: Anna can describe the principles of air flight
Have you understood the principle of this problem
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Principal

principal is either a noun or an adjective.
As a noun, it refers to the head of a school
كلمة تأتي على شكل إسم أو صفة. إذا جاءت في الجملة كإسم، فإنها تأتي بمعنى رئيس المدرسة
Example: Our school principal spoke to the parents
The principal parts of a verb are its basic forms
As an adjective, it means first or most important
أما إذا جاءت في الجملة كصفة فيصبح معناها الأول أو الأهم.
Example: The principal purpose of TV is to entertain

More Examples

wrong: She is a woman of high principals
correct: She is a woman of high principles

wrong: The newly appointed principle is Dad's freind
correct: The newly appointed principal is Dad's friend

wrong: Living things grow by the principal of cell division
correct: Living things grow by the principle of cell division

wrong: The speech of the principle will conclude the program
correct: The speech of the principal will conclude the program

Quiet, Quite, or Quit

Quiet it is an adjective meaning free from noise or disturbance
هي صفة بمعنى هادئ

Example: The only time our classroom is quiet is when it is empty

Quite means very
تعني جدا
Example: Mother was quite well

Quit is a verb meaning to stop or to cease
هي فعل بمعنى يتوقف أو يُوقف
Example: Dad quit his job yesterday

More Examples

correct: It was a quiet moment
wrong:It was a quite moment
wrong:It was a quit moment

correct: He must have been quite angry to lose his job
wrong: He must have been quit angry to lose his job
wrong: He must have been quiet angry to lose his job

correct: Tom's father quit drinking
wrong: Tom's father quite drinking
wrong: Tom's father quiet drinking

Another example: Has your father found it quite easy to quit smoking in that quiet village

Prefer and would rather

Prefer and would rather

السلام عليكم .. درسنا اليوم حول صيغة التفضيل والمفاضلة (Prefer and would rather)
، صيغ التفضيل والمفاضلة (Prefer and would rather
) تستخدم عند تمييز وتفضيل شئ عن شيئاً آخر.
1
تستطيع استخدام Prefer to do Or Prefer doing لتصف ما تفضله في العموم. Prefer to do أكثر استخداماً من prefer doing:
e.g: I don`t like cities. I prefer living in the country.
I don't like cities. I prefer to live in the country.

E.g: Ahmad prefers to drive rather than travel by trine.
Ahmad prefers driving rather than travel by trine.
2
Would prefer (to do)
نستخدم Would prefer (to do)لنعبِّر عن رغبة شخصاً ما في القيام بأمرٍ ما في حالة خاصة ومعينة. ولا يستخدم في العموم not in general .
E.G: would you prefer tea or coffee?
- shall we go by trine? well, I`d prefer to go by car. (not going)
3
Would rather (do) = would prefer to do
استخدام( Would rather (do نفس استخدام would prefer to do في الحالة رقم 1 والفرق بينهما بسيط جداً وهو بعد استخدامك لـ Would rather (do) استخدم المصدر infinitive ولكن بدون to .
قارن بين هذين الأستخدامين:
1-shall we go by trine? well, I'd prefer to go by car
2-shall we go by trine? well I'd rather go by car.
أمثلة أخرى:
Would you rather have tea or coffee? "Coffee please"
I'm tired. I'd rather not go out this evening if you don't mind.
Do you want go out this evening? I'd rather not.
4
Would rather someone did something.
عندما تتمنى أن يقوم شخصاً ما بعملٍ ما فإنك تستخدم I'd rather you did … / I'd rather he did .. etc لا تستغرب استخدام الماضي did في تركيب الجملة فالمعنى في الحاضر حتى وإن كان التركيب في الماضي.
قارن بين هذين الاستخدامين:
I'd rather cook the dinner now
I'd rather you cooked the dinner now. (not: I'd rather you cook )
أمثلة أخرى:
shall I stay here? well, I'd rather you came with me
I'd rather you didn't tell anyone what I said.
Do you mind if I smoke? I'd rather you didn't.

Clothes or Cloths

1) Clothes

Clothes means coverings for a person's body
المعنى العربي: ملابس
Example: I bought a jacket, jeans, and other clothes
He always bought his clothes at the same store
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2) Cloths

Cloths means woven or knitted material made from wool, cotton
silk, rayon, or other fiber
المعنى العربي: القماش
Example: The cloth of the table is made of cotton
Gather all table cloths for the laundry

More Examples

wrong: I wish I were more interested in cloths
correct: I wish I were more interested in clothes
wrong: The dish clothes should be soaking
correct: The dish cloths should be soaking
wrong: She usually wears smart/casual cloths
correct: She usually wears smart/casual clothes
wrong: I need some we clothes to wipe off the tables
correct: I need some we cloths to wipe off the tables