The Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense

يعبر هذا الزمن عن حدثين مترابطين , كلاهما حصل في الماضي واحدهما سبق الآخر , حيث يكون الحدث الاول (اي الاقدم ) في زمن الماضي التام , والحدث الثاني يكون في زمن الماضي البسيط , و يتم تكوين هذا الزمن من ( had ) متبوعة بالتصريف الثالث للفعل , والـ (had) هنا لا معنى لها وانما المعنى لأسم المفعول وعادة مايستخدم ( before , after , when ) مع هذا الزمن , كما في الامثلة التالية ...

When we got to the field, the football match had already begun.

الحدث الاول هو ان المبارة قد بدءت (the football match had already begun) اما الثاني وصولهم الى الحقل (When we got to the field) .

They all left the room when she had recited he poem.

الحدث الاول هو انها قرءت قصيدتها (she had recited he poem) والثاني مغادرت الجمهور للقاعة (They all left the room) .

وهكذا الحال مع بقية الامثلة ...

She came through for a coffee after she had finished cooking.
He left for London after he had got the passport yesterday.
Before he arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

· الفعل بعد ( after ) يكون ماضي تام , اما الفعل الاخر يكون ماضي بسيط . · الفعل بعد ( before ) يكون ماضي بسيط , اما الفعل الاخر يكون ماضي تام .

· يستخدم الماضي التام بعد ( wish ) اذا كان التمني يشير الى الماضي مثل ...

I wish I had taken your advice

· لاحظ الصيغ التالية ( have had , has had , had had ) التي تتكون من ( had ) متبوعة بالتصريف الثالث للفعل المساعد ( to have) حيث انه جاء في هذه الجمل كفعل رئيسي , وبمعنى يتناول , يستلم , يتمتع كما في الامثلة التالية ..

I have had my coffee already.
Tom has had a gift from his brother.
She said he had had a wonderful semester.

· اخيراُ , تمعن جيداُ بهذه الامثلة وتعلم من صياغتها

He had not received my letter.
I had eaten when they arrived
Tom told us he had seen a UFO.
Before the war, he had worked as a bank manger.
He said he had sent the letter yesterday.
They’d got back together again. She’d had got pregnant. ( حامل)
The police told me that he had done it very often.
I noticed he had hurt his leg.
He saw that she had been able to cure herself.
I had known her before.