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من طرف **GNASSORA** السبت 5 مارس 2011 - 16:22

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i wrote these lessons for my lovely students

i hope you will like it

the first lesson

THE INFINITIVE
INFINITIVE AFTER QUESTION WORDS

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These verbs: ask, decide, explain, forget, know, show, tell,
understand, can be followed by a question word such as where, how,
what, who, when or 'whether' + the 'to-infinitive'.

Examples

She asked me how to use the washing machine.
Do you understand what to do?
Tell me when to press the button.
I've forgotten where to put this little screw.
I can't decide whether to wear the red dress or the black one.
The question word Why is followed by the zero infinitive in suggestions:

Examples

Why wait until tomorrow?
Why not ask him now?
Why walk when we can go in the car?
Why not buy a new bed for your bedroom?
Why leave before the end of the game?
Why not spend a week in Beirut and a week in Baghdad?

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GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

Part B: GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

B. Verbs where there is a clear difference in meaning:
Verbs marked with an asterisk* can also be followed by a that-clause.
come
forget*
go on

mean*
regret*
remember*

stop
try

Come:
Come + gerund is like other verbs of movement followed by the gerund,
and means that the subject is doing something as they move:

She came running across the field.
Come + to-infinitive means that something happens or develops, perhaps outside the subject's control:

At first I thought he was crazy, but I've come to appreciate his sense of humour.
How did you come to be outside the wrong house?
This word has come to mean something quite different.

Forget, regret and remember:
When these verbs are followed by a gerund, the gerund refers to an action that happened earlier:

I remember locking the door (= I remember now, I locked the door earlier)
He regretted speaking so rudely. (= he regretted at some time in the
past, he had spoken rudely at some earlier time in the past.)
Forget is frequently used with 'never' in the simple future form:

I'll never forget meeting my boss for the first time.
When these verbs are followed by a to-infinitive, the infinitive refers to an action happening at the same time, or later:

I remembered to lock the door (= I thought about it, then I did it.)
Don't forget to buy some eggs! (= Please think about it and then do it.)
We regret to announce the late arrival of the 12.45 from Paddington. (= We feel sorry before we tell you this bad news.)

Go on:
Go on + gerund means to continue with an action:

He went on speaking for two hours.
I can't go on working like this - I'm exhausted.
Go on + to-infinitive means to do the next action, which is often the next stage in a process:

After introducing her proposal, she went on to explain the benefits for the company.
John Smith worked in local government for five years, then went on to become a Member of Parliament.

Mean:
Mean + gerund expresses what the result of an action will be, or what will be necessary:

If you take that job in London it will mean travelling for two hours every day.
We could take the ferry to France, but that will mean spending a night in a hotel.
Mean + to-infinitive expresses an intention or a plan:

Did you mean to dial this number?
I mean to finish this job by the end of the week!
Sorry - I didn't mean to hurt you.

Stop:
Stop + gerund means to finish an action in progress:

I stopped working for them because the wages were so low.
Stop tickling me!
Stop + to-infinitive means to interrupt an activity in order to do
something else, so the infinitive is used to express a purpose:

I stopped to have lunch. (= I was working, or travelling, and I interrupted what I was doing in order to eat.)
It's difficult to concentrate on what you are doing if you have to stop to answer the phone every five minutes.

Try:
Try + gerund means to experiment with an action that might be a solution to your problem.

If you have problems sleeping, you could try doing some yoga before you go to bed, or you could try drinking some warm milk.
'I can't get in touch with Carl.' 'Have you tried e-mailing him?'
Try + to-infinitive means to make an effort to do something. It may be something very difficult or even impossible:

The surgeons tried to save his life but he died on the operating table.
We'll try to phone at 6 o'clock, but it might be hard to find a public telephone.
People have to try to live together in harmony.

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