WORDBUILDING الأشتقاق

WORDBUILDING
الأشتقاق

1- Noun
• نعرف الأسم من خلال اللواحق التي تأتي في نهاية الكلمةولواحق الاسم هي:

1- ion: assassination 10- ure: pressure
2- ment: investment 11- age: shortage
3- ity: stability 12- ship: relationship
4- nce: arrogance 13- ice: notice
5- ness: carelessness 14- er: volunteer
6- ess: actress 15: or: actor
7- y: zoology 16: dom: freedom
8- ist: zoologist 17- ism: tourism
9- tude: fortitude 18- ing: thinking

• يقع الأسم((noun في الأحوال التالية:

1- بعد الأدوات the , a , an إذا لم يكن بعد الفراغ أسم
@ The journey was long and difficult.

2- بعد أسماء الأشارة these , those , that , this
@ Scott lost his life in that expedition.

3- بعد ضمائر الملكية his her its my their our your و 's الملكية
@ We lost the goal of our ambition.

4- بعد الصفات مثل remarkable, great, terrible,tall, big, --- etc
@ Scott showed remarkable courage.

5- بعد أحرف الجر مثل of, at, for, from, in, on, to
@ I read a letter full of sadness.

6- بعد الفعل كمفعول به
@ Teimour won competitions and titles at the age of ten.

7- بعد محددات الكمية any, some, much, many,little, a little, few, a few, only, other, another, no, all
@ Many participants were pleased.

7- بعدmore أوmost بشرط أن لا يسبقها أحد أفعال (be)
@ Most readers prefer to read short stories.

2- Adjective

• نعرف الصفة(adjective) من خلال لواحقها التالية:

1- ble: responsible 8- ory: satisfactory
2- al: social 9- an: American
3- ive: creative 10- less: careless
4- ful: beautiful 11- ing: interesting
5- ic: economic 12- ed: interested in
6- ous: generous 13- ant: important
7- ent: competent 14- ary: revolutionary

• تقع الصفة((adjective في الأحوال التالية:

1- قبل الأسماء
@ Edgar had terrible frostbite.

2- بعد أفعال مثل feel , become , look , get , grow
@ when I met her, I felt impressed.

3- بعد أفعال(be) الرئيسية
@ look at the sky. It is beautiful.
4- بعد مقويات الكلمات مثل too , so , very , quite
@ The weather was too cold.

5- بعد the most
@ It was the most difficult task.

6- بعد الظروف التي تنتهي ب ly مثل definitely , extremely
@ They were extremely exhausted.

7- بينas----------as بشرط أن تكون مسبوق بأحد أفعال (be) الرئيسيةللجملة.
@ She is as strong as a horse.

8- بعد more بشرط أنتكون مسبوقة بأحد أفعال (be)
@ Gold is more expensive than silver.

3-verb
• نعرف الفعل(verb)من خلال لواحقه التالية:
1-fy: qualify 4-ieve:believe
2-ise\ize:civilise\civilize 5-en:strengthen
3-ate:compensate 6-iderovide
• يقع الفعل(verb) في الاحوال التالية :
1- بعد(to) وبعد أفعال المودل modals وبعد أفعال do (do, does, did)
@ Students often try to impress their teachers.
@ It will change the concepts of the society.
@ Teimor didn't give up.
@ Did the Omayyad leave anything behind?

3- بعد الفاعل والفاعل قد يكون أسما أو ضميرا noun or pronoun
@ Ajyalina introduced the principles of child safety to the society.
@ This campaign strengthens the communications among the society.

الظروف4-The Adverb

* Position of the adverbs
• موقع الظروف
1. بعد الأفعال
@ Scott wrote bitterly in his diary.
2- قبل الصفات
@ They were extremely exhausted.
3- في نهاية الجملة بشرط أن يقع الفراغ بعد اسم أو ضميرمسبوق بفعل أو بعد فعل.
@ He greeted the guests warmly.
4- في بداية الجملة وقبل فاصلة.
______________, they were out. @

a- unfortunate b- unfortunately

5- بين الفاعل والفعل الرئيسي
E.g.:
He ----------------------- comes on time.
a- possible b- possibly c- possibility

-6- It comes between the helping verb and the main verb.
6- بين الفعل المساعد والفعل الرئيسي.
E.g.:
He is ------------------- coming late.
a- real b- reality c- really

&1- Most adverbs have ly ending E.g. Slowly, quickly …etc.
& معضم الظروف تنتهي ب ly .

&2- some adverbs don't have ly ending. E.g. often , sometimes, always ,from time to time, now , every + time…etc.
&2- بعض الظروف لا تنتهي ب ly.
E.g.;
I ------------------- goes to Amman.
a- if b- du